Hydraulic apparatus



Oct. 8, 1946.

F. J. WRIGHT HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed Feb. 29, 1944 2 sheets-sheet 1 [NI 15mm 5 1136 J. Wriht Qct. g, 1946. WRIGHT 2,409,091

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed Feb 29, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jill!- lllllllll ll lllll! HVVHVTOR.

li'rcd J. fright Patented Oct. 8, 1946 HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Fred J. Wright, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to The Denison Engineering Company,

Columbus,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application February 29, 1944, Serial No. 524,407

The present invention relates to valves of the fluid pressure operated type and more particularly to valves for controlling the flow of liquid and which are actuated by hydraulic pressure. The present invention is a continuation in part of my co-pending application Serial No. 491,500, filed June 19, 1943.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a pressure reducing valve employing a poppet valve which divides the passage through the valve into high and low pressure chambers, and in which the movement of the poppet valve is dampened by a piston slidable in a cylinder which is in communication with the high pressure chamber, the dampening action being effected by providing for restricted flow of fluid between the ends of the cylinders, i. e., the spaces in the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred form of embodiment of the invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of a valve, the section being taken on a plane on line l--! of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional View of a valve but showing the movable valve body in elevation, glue section being taken on a plane on line 2-2 of Referring specifically to the drawings, there is shown a valve body 20 having a low pressure chamber 2! and a high pressure chamber 22. The chambers 2i and 22 are connected, respectively, with an outlet port 24 and an inlet port 25. Chambers 2| and 22 are separated from one another by a wall 21, a valve seat in the form of an inserted ring 28 and a valve 23.

The valve body 20 is provided with axially aligned and longitudinally disposed cylinders 3i and 32, cylinder 3| being shown at the top, the lower part thereof opening into the low pressure chamber 2 1; cylinder 32 is shown below the valve seat 28 and it opens into the high pressure chamber 22. These cylinders receive, respectively, pistons 34 and 35, and, in the present illustration, these pistons and the valve 29 are formed integrally into a movable body 31. The valve stem portion 38 in the chamber 2! is somewhat smaller than the piston 34 so as to provide for the free flow of fluid thereabout, and also the valve body portion 39 which extends into the chamber 22 is somewhat smaller than the piston 35 so that 12 Claims. (Cl. 137-153) i the fluid may flow freely thereabout in chamber 22.

Cylinder 3| extends through the top of the valve body 20 and is in open communication with the chamber 4! of a top cover 42. The cover is secured to the valve body by suitable bolts (not shown), and by a gasket 43 interposed between the cover and the top of the valve body. A plug 45 which is open at the bottom and closed at the top at 46 is threaded into the cover 42, and is axially aligned with the cylinder 3| and the chamber 4|. A spring 48 is interposed between the top 46 of plug 45, and the top of piston 34 and normally urges the valve body 31 downwardly to open the valve 29. An upwardly extending boss 53 is formed integrally with the valve body 37 above piston 34 and forms a retainer for the bottom of spring 48. The tension of spring 43 may be adjusted by the plug 45 and the plug 45 is locked in position by lock nuts 51 and 52, the latter forming a cap for the upper part of plug 45.

The lower end of the valve body 20 is closed by a cover 54 having an upwardly extending boss 55 which is received by the lower end of cylinder 32. A gasket 51 is interposed between the body 20 and the cover 54. Cover 54 forms two cylinders 58 and 59 which receives, respectively, pistons 61 and 62. These pistons are axially aligned with cylinders 3| and 32and cylinder 58 is approximately the same diameter as cylinder 3!. Cylinder 58 opens into the lower end of cylinder 32 while cylinder 59 opens into cylinder 58 and is of somewhat smaller diameter than cylinder 58. Piston 6| includes an adapter 64 which is suitably secured to the piston BI, and piston 62 may be formed integrally with adapter 64 but is herein shown as a separate element. The lower end of cylinder 59 is closed by a plug 6 5.

It will be seen that port 25, chambers 22 and.

2| provide a passage for the flow of fluid through the valve body 20 and the valve 29 is pushed off of the seat 28. The lower part of the cylinder 32 is subjected to the mean pressure of the fluid in chamber 22, and in order to accomplish this, a bypass is provided in one of the bodies which leads from chamber 22 to the bottom side of piston 35, and, in the present illustration, this bypass is in the form of a restricted passage or orifice 67 which exends longitudinally through the piston 35. The restriction offered by this passage 61 is such that thepressure in the cylinder 32 below piston 35 will correspond to the mean pressure in chamber 22 and will not follow the pulsations in chamber 22.

The movable body 31 is provided with a longitudinal passage 69 which connects at its upper end with lateral passage 'lil in boss 50 and the lower end is connected with a longitudinal passage 12 in adapter 84, which passage, in turn, is connected with a laterally extending passage :3 leading to the lower part of cylinder 58. Thus. the upper end of cylinder 3| and the lower end of cylinder 53 are in open communication and the same pressure prevails in each. Any fluid which escapes into the lower part of cylinder 53 will flow through passages 13, I2, 69 and into the upper part of cylinder 31 and chamber 4| inthe cap 42. Likewise, any fluid which escapes upwardly by piston 34 will also escape into chamber 41. When the cover 42 is in the position shown in the drawings, this escaping fluid can flow through a passage '55 to an external drain. If desirable, cover 42 can be shifted 90 to a position in which a passage 76, which connects with passage 15, registers with a passage T! in the valve body 23. It will be seen that the lower end of passage Tl terminates at a passage 19 which is in open communication with the high pressure chamber 22. In either case, the outer end of passage 19 is closed by a plug 8| but when passage 16 registers with passage 11, the outer end of passage is closed by a plug. Thus in the shifted position the cover 42, the upper side of piston 34 and the lower side of the adapter 64 are subjected to the high pressure prevailing in chamber 22.

If it is desirable to subject the upper side of piston 34 and the lower side of adapter 64 more directly to the pressure in the low pressure chamber 2!, cover 42 is shifted 180 from the position shown in Figure 2, so that passage 16 thereof registers with a passage 83 in valve body 28. Passage 83 is in open communication with the laterally extending passage 84 which, in turn, is in open communication with the low pressure chamber 2i. The opposite ends of passage 84 are closed by suitable plugs 85 which may beremoved and a coupling substituted for connecting the low pressure chamber 21 with other parts of the system.

As previously pointed out, valve 2-9 is urged away from its seat 28 by the spring 48, but the spring is counteracted by pressure within the cylinder 59 which acts upon the piston 62 and normally urges the valve body 37 upwardly. The degree of opposition to spring 48 ofiered by the pressure in cylinder 59. is determined, in the illustration shown, by the pressure within the low pressure chamber 2 i. To accomplish this, a passage leads from the low pressure chamber 2| to cylinder 59. This passage is more clearly shown in Figure 2 wherein a longitudinally extending passage 81 extends from passage 84- through the valve body where it registers with a longitudinally extending passage 88 in cover 54. Passage 88 terminates at a longitudinally extending passage !lil. one end of which is connected directly to the cylinde 59 while the other end is closed by a plug 9|. From this it will be seen that increase in pressure in low pressure chamber 2| causes an increase in pressure in cylinder 59 whereby the valve 29 is moved toward closed position and when this pressure in chamber 2! attains a predetermined high value, the valve 29 will be closed upon its seat. Conversely, when the pressure recedes in low pressure chamber 2|, the spring 48, acting against lowered pressure in cylinder 59, will move the valve away from its seat to permit an increased flow of fluid through the valve. Since the diameter of the opening in the valve seat 28 is substantially the same as the area of cylinder 33, the pressure areas on the low pressure side of the valve body 37, which tend to lift the valve, are equal to the areas tending to open the valve. In this respect, the pressure areas are balanced. Likewise, since opposite sides of the piston 35 are subjected to the same pressure through the orifice 69, the pressure areas on the high pressure side, tending to open the valve, are equal to the pressure areas tending to close the valve. In this respect, the valve is balanced as to fluid pressure. This balancing is further carried to a conclusion by interconnecting the upper part of cylinder 3| with the lower part of cylinder 58 so that the fluid pressure tending to close the valve balances the fluid pressure tending to open the valve.

The restricted passage 6"! in the piston 34 prevents chattering or fluttering of the valve 29 since in order to move the piston 34 upwardly or downwardly, it is necessary to displace or fill the cylinder 32, and this flow from and to the cylinder 32 is through the restricted passage. Consequently, pulsations in either chamber 2| or chamber 22, which tend to cause such fluttering or chattering, are not present. In this manner, chattering of the valve upon its seat with the consequent effects of noise and wear are eliminated.

Opening and closing movement of the valve can be controlled through a remote or extraneous pressure system and this is accomplished by shifting the cover 54 ninety degrees so that the passage 88 therein registers with the passage 93 in the valve body 20. This passage 93 is connected with the laterally extending passage 94 which terminates at the same side of the valve body 20 as ports 24 and 25. This passage 94 can be connected with a suitable source of remote or extraneous pressure whereby the flow of fluid through the valve 29 can be controlled by variations in pressure in the remote or extraneous source. It will, of course, be understood that when the cover 54 is shifted as described herein, the lower end of passage 81 will be blocked by the top side of cover 54.

While the form of embodiment of the present invention as herein disclosed constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; valve mean in said body for dividing the passage into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber connected, respectively, to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat for controlling the flow of fluid between said chambers, said high pressure chamber including a cylinder; a movable body, including said valve, forming a piston, said piston being slidable in said cylinder, one of said bodies providing a restricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston, said body forming a third chamber and a passage connecting the same with a source of pressure; and means responsive to an increase in pressure in the third chamber for actuating the movable body to decrease communication between said chambers.

2. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; valve means in said body for dividing the passage into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber connected, respectively, to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat for controlling the fiow of fluid between said chambers, said high pressure chamber including a cylinder; a movable body, including said valve, forming a piston, said piston being slidable in said cylinder, one of said bodies providing a restricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston, said body forming a third chamber and forming a passage connecting the same with the low pressure chamber; and means responsive to increasing pressure in the third chamber for actuating the movable body to decrease communication between thehigh and low pressure chambers.

3. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and passage connecting the same; valv means in said body for dividing the passage into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber connected, respectively. to said nlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat for controlling the flow of fluid between said chambers, said high pressure cham-- ber including a cylinder; a movable body. including said valve, forming a piston, said piston being slidable in said cylinder, one of said bodies providing a restricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston, said body forming a second cylinder and a passage for connecting the same with a source of pressure; and a piston in said second cylinder movable in response to pressure changes in the second cylinder for actuating the movable body. said piston moving said valve toward closed position when pressure increases in said outlet chamber.

4. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; valve means in said body for dividing the passage into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber connected, respectively. to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat for controlling the flow of fluid between said chambers, said high pressure chamber including a cylinder; a movable body, including said valve, forming a piston, said piston being s idable in said cylinder, one of said bodies providing a restricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston, said valve body forming a second cylinder and a passage for connecting the with the low pressure chamber; and a piston in said second cylinder movable in response to pressure increases in the second cylinder for actuating the movable body toward closed position.

5. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination. a valve body means having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; valve means in said body for dividing the passage into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber connected, respectively, to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat for controlling the flow of fluid between said chambers, said high pressure chamber including a cylinder; a movable body means, including said valve, forming a piston, said piston being slidable in said cylinder, one of said body means providing arestricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston, said valve body forming a second cylinder and a passage connecting th same with a source of pressure; means responsive to pressure changes in the second cylinder for actuating the movable body; said valve body means including a third cylinder extending outwardly from the low pressure chamber and a fourth cylinder extending outwardly from the first mentioned cylinder, said movable body means including pistons slidable in said third and fourth mentioned cylinders.

6. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports connected by a passage; valve means dividing said passage into'high and low pressure sections connected, respectively, to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat to control communication between said high and low pressure sections of said passage, said valve body forming a cylinder communicating with said high pressure section; a movable body including said valve and a piston portion disposed for movement in said cylinder, one of said bodies forming a restricted passage connecting the ends of said cylinder at opposite sides of said piston, said valve body also forming cylinders having approximately equal cross-sectional areas on opposite sides of said valve seat, said movable body having piston sections disposed for movement in said cylinders, one of said bodies having a passage connecting said equal area cylinders at the outer ends of said piston sections; resilient means tending to move said movable body to space said valve portion from said seat; an actuating piston disposed for engagement with said movable body; and passage means for conducting fluid pressure to said actuating piston to cause the same to move said movable body in opposition to said resilient means.

7. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports connected by a passage; valve means dividing said passage into high and low pressure sections connected, respectively, to said inlet and outlet ports, said valve means including a valve seat and a valve movable onto and away from the seat to control communication between said high and low pressure sections of said passage, said valve body forming a cylinder communicating with said high pressure section; a movable bodyincluding said valve and a piston portion disposed for movement in said cylinder, one of said bodies forming a restricted passage c0nnecting the ends of said cylinder at opposite sides of said piston, said valve body also forming cylinders having approximately equal cross-sectional areas on opposite sides of said valve seat, said movable body having piston sections disposed for movement in said cylinders, one of said bodies having. a passage connecting said equal area cylinders at the outer ends of said piston sections; resilient means tending to move said movable body to space said Valve portion from said seat; an actuating piston disposed for engagement with said movable body; and passage means for conducting fluid pressure from said low pressure section to said actuating piston to 0 cause the same to move said movable body in opposition to said resilient means.

8. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising, in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports connected by a passage; a valve seat dividing said passage into high and low pressure sections connected, respectively, to said inlet and. outlet ports, said valve body having guide cylinders on opposite sides of said seat, said guide cylinders having substantially equal cross sectional areas, said valve body also having a cylinder communicating with said passage; a movable body disposed in said valve body, said movable body having a poppet valve section for cooperation with said seat and piston sections disposed for movement in said cylinders; passage means in at least one of said bodies to maintain equal fluid pressures on opposite sides of said piston sections whereby said movable body will be balanced; a spring tending to move said movable body to space said valve section from said seat; and an actuating piston responsive to the fluid pressure in said low pressure passage section to move said movable body in opposition to said spring toward a valve closing position.

9. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; a valve seat disposed in said passage between said inlet and outlet ports; said valve body forming a pair of cylinders of substantially equal diameter on opposite sides of said valve seat and a third cylinder communicating with one of said ports, a. body member disposed for movement in said valve body and having a valve for engagement and disengagement with said seat, said member having piston sections received by said cylinders, one of said bodies having a restricted passage leading to opposite ends of the piston section disposed in said third cylinder and a passage connecting said pair of cylinders, said valve body forming a fourth cylinder at one end of one of said pair of cylinders; and a fourth piston disposed for movement in said fourth cylinder; one of said bodies having an unrestricted passage for conducting fluid under pressure from one of said ports to said fourth cylinder to cause said fourth piston to actuate said movable body member.

10. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; an insert positioned in said body between said inlet and outlet ports, said insert forming a valve seat, said body forming cylinders on opposite sides of said seat and having an open passage extending from one of said ports to one end of said body; a can on the latter end of said body, said cap forming cylinders and having an open passage connecting the passage in said body with one of the cylinders in said cap; a movable body member in said body, said member having a valve movable onto and away from said seat and piston sections slidably disposed in the cylinders in said body and a cylinder in said cap; and a piston arranged in another cylinder in said cap, said lastmentioned piston being responsive to pressure changes in the port connected therewith to move said movable member, one of said bodies forming a restricted passage extending to opposite ends of a piston section to balance the pressures thereon,

11. A fiuid pressure reducing valve comprising in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same; an insert positioned in said body between said inlet and outlet ports, said insert forming a valve seat, said body forming cylinders on opposite sides of said seat and having an open passage extending from one of said ports to one end of said body; a cap on the latter end of said body, said cap forming cylinders and having an open passage connecting the passage in said body with one of the cylinders in said cap; a movable body member in said body, said member having a valve movable onto and away from said seat and piston sections slidably disposed in the cylinders in said body and a cylinder in said cap; means tending to urge said movable member to a position where said valve is spaced from said seat to provide communication between said inlet and outlet ports; and a piston arranged in another cylinder in said cap. said last-mentioned piston being responsive to pressure changes in said outlet port to move said movable member in opposition to said urging means and prevent communication between said inlet and outlet ports.

12. A fluid pressure reducing valve comprising in combination, a valve body having inlet and outlet ports and a passage connecting the same: an insert positioned in said body between said inlet and outlet ports, said insert forming a valve seat, said body forming cylinders on opposite sides of said seat and having an open passage extending from one of said ports to one end of said body; a cap on the latter end of said body, said cap forming cylinders and having an open passage connecting the passage in said body with one of the cylinders in said cap; a movable body member in said body, said member having a valve movable onto and away from said seat and piston sections slidably disposed in the cylinders in said body and a cylinder in said cap; said movable body forming a passage establishing communication between a cylinder in said body and one in said capwhereby pressures on opposite ends of said body will tend to neutralize; and a piston arranged in another cylinder in said cap, said lastmentioned piston being responsive to pressure changes in the port connected therewith to move said movable member, one of said bodies forming a restricted passage extending to opposite ends of a piston section to balance the pressures there- FRED J. WRIGHT. 

